Burma deconstructed! Opium and repression

Demonstrations 2007 against the Burmese junta

Aung San Suu Kyi, the Burmese pro-democracy leader,

will be released from house arrest in November, a

government minister has told a gathering of local

officials, according to two people who attended the

meeting. The information could not be verified

independently but three people who attended the meeting

said the comment was made to an audience of several

hundred people in Kyaukpadaung, a town about 565 km

(350 miles) north of the former capital, Yangon. The

three witnesses requested anonymity.

Suu Kyi, detained for 14 of the past 20 years, was

sentenced to a further 18 months of detention last

August for harboring an American who swam uninvited to

her lakeside home. That incident took place in

May 2009, just before an earlier period of house arrest

was due to end. Taking into account the three months

she spent in a prison guesthouse after the incident,

her 18-month sentence would end in November.

Planned election would be the first since 1990, when

Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party

scored a landslide victory that the country's junta

refused to recognize.

Jailed opponents

Maung Oo also said detained NLD vice-chairman Tin Oo

would be released on February 13, and that the

government would pursue an international-style market

economy after holding "free and fair" elections,

including loosening restrictions on car imports. Tin

Oo, 82, a former defense minister and retired general,

has been in prison or under house arrest for more than

a decade.

A nightmare for Burmese monks and population, Asian

Gazette already reported about the situation of Burmese

refugees who escaped from Burma after demonstrations

mid- 2007 to neighboring countries.

Here is a report about the opium traffic from the

Irrawaddy newspaper

"Opium Addiction 'Poisoning' Palaung, Says Report"

Increased opium cultivation in ethnic Palaung areas of

northern Shan State is creating widespread addiction

and poisoning Palaung youths, according to a new report

by the Palaung Women's Organization (PWO). The report

titled “Poisoned Hills,” which was released on Tuesday,

said that opium fields are flourishing not only in

“insurgent and cease-fire areas,” as claimed by the UN,

but also in Burmese government-controlled areas.

The Palaung researchers said they conducted field

surveys in Namkham and Mantong townships in the Palaung

region between 2007 and 2009, and found that the total

area of cultivated opium had increased up to fivefold

over three years—from 963 hectares in 2006-07 to 4,545

hectares in 2008-09. Lway Nway Hnoung, one of the

researchers on the report, said she collected

information by conducting interviews with local

villagers, village heads, drug addicts and relatives of

drug addicts from about 100 villages in the region.

Several housewives said that drug addiction often led

to stealing and domestic violence within families and

that the youths in the region often lost interest in

studying, she said.

According to local villagers who were interviewed, the

widespread availability of the drug was responsible for

more and more men and boys becoming addicts. “The only

men who aren't using drugs are the monks who stay in

the monasteries,” one Palaung woman reportedly said.

In a village surveyed in Mantong, it was found that

that the percentage of men aged 15 and older who were

addicted to opium had increased from 57 percent in 2007

to 85 percent in 2009, according to the report.

The PWO report said that drug addicts “flock openly to

drug camps” in Namkham where dealers sell heroin and

amphetamines from their houses. Namkham and Mantong

are under the control of the Burmese government forces,

although they were previously administered by the

Palaung State Liberation Army until it surrendered to

the Burmese armed forces in 2005. The report said that

local Burmese authorities—the army, police and

pro-junta militia—were involved in the drug trade.

Police have reportedly formed "anti-drug teams" in the

regions. However, instead of eradicating poppy fields,

they are extorting large sums from local farmers and

then letting them grow the crop, the report said,

adding that during 2007 and 2008, in Mantong, at least

37 million kyat (US $37,000) in bribes was collected

from 28 villages. The report emphasized that “a

negotiated resolution to the political issues at the

root of Burma’s civil war and political reform are

needed to address the drug issue” which is impacting

the region.

“As long as this regime remains in power, drugs will

continue to poison people in Burma and the region,”

said Lway Nway Hnoung. According to the 2009 annual

survey of poppy cultivation in Southeast Asia by the

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the

total area under opium poppy cultivation in Burma in

2008 was estimated at 28,500 hectares, representing an

increase of 3 percent from the 27,700 hectares under

cultivation in 2007. The largest region for opium

cultivation was Shan State, the UNODC survey said,

where 89 percent of the total opium poppy in Burma was

grown. Southern and eastern Shan states accounted for

53.7 percent and 33 percent respectively. Northern

Shan State remained low with a cultivation area

representing only 3 percent of national cultivation,

even though it had increased by 105 percent from 2007

and by 233 percent from 2006. Neighboring Kachin and

Karenni states remained with low levels of

cultivation—5 percent and 6 percent respectively in

2008, according to the UNODC.

Newspaper sources http://tinyurl.com/yzbr4zz

UNODC Report on narcotics in Burma:

Opium cultivation in South East-Asia remains relatively

limited. Just under 34,000 hectares of opium was grown

in the region in 2009, a quarter of the amount grown in

Afghanistan. Worrisome is the situation in Myanmar

where cultivation is up for the third year in a row –

an 11% increase from 28,500 ha in 2008 to 31,700 ha in

2009. Most of this increase came in the Shan State

where 95% of Myanmar’s poppy is grown. More than a

million people (most of them in the Shan state) are now

involved in opium cultivation in Myanmar, an increase

of more than a quarter over 2008.

However, the overall value of the crop is falling since

yields were down 28% to 10.4 kg per hectare, production

fell 20% (to 330 metric tons), and prices are more or

less stable (at just over US$ 300/kg). In total, the

potential value of opium production in Myanmar fell by

15% from US$ 123 million in 2008 to US$ 104 million in

2009. Increased instability in north-eastern Myanmar

(where most of the opium is grown) seems to be

affecting the opium market. There are indications that

ceasefire groups – autonomous ethnic militias like the

Wa and Kachin – are selling drugs to buy weapons, and

moving stocks to avoid detection.

While South-East Asia’s once notorious opium problem

has been contained, there are worrying signs that the

situation in Myanmar is starting to unravel.

Governments and donors need to stay the course and

ensure sufficient duration of commitment and funding

for all aspects of the drug issue : security,

development, and health. In Lao PDR, cultivation was

up 19%, although the overall total is low at 1,900 ha,

as is the yield at 6 kg/ha. Nevertheless, with a kilo

of opium fetching US$ 1,327 per kilogram (due to stable

demand and scarce supply), this illicit crop remains

attractive to farmers, especially as the prices of

other locally produced commodities are falling. This

Report features a chapter on what is being done to

promote development in the remote northern province of

Phongsali, Lao PDR.

In order to consolidate recent gains, the country in

general needs more development assistance particularly

for remote communities, and greater access to drug

treatment. It also deserves support for the

implementation of its National Drug Control Master Plan

(2009-2013). While focusing on the opium problem

(mostly in rural communities), we should not lose sight

of rapidly increasing production and use of synthetic

drugs (mostly in cities) in the Greater Mekong region.

It would be a Pyrrhic victory for drug control if

South-East Asia’s appetite for opium was simply

replaced by a new craving for ampethamine-type

stimulants.

Opium Poppy Cultivation in South-East Asia

Source : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control. Lao National

Commission for Drug Control and Supervision

Date : 14-Dec-2009

http://tinyurl.com/yztrtqv

Okinawa Nago city electors: "No to a Marine Corps relocation base!"

Susumu Inamine, the new Nago mayor

Ending the long-standing dispute which has long divided the city, Susumu Inamine rallied the majority in Sunday's mayoral race in Nago, Okinawa Prefecture (沖縄).

He pledged his campaign on the refusal for his city to welcome a supplementary U.S. Marine Corps base that Japan and the United States formally agreed to relocate in 2006, agreement that was reviewed by the new Hatoyama administration in September 2009, dividing Japan and American governments.

VDO describing how private Japanese television introduced the debate on voting day

''I was campaigning in the election with a pledge not to have a new base built in Henoko waters and will hold on to the pledge with conviction,'' Inamine told his supporters who gathered in front of his office after securing victory. He said the city has long failed to demonstrate one unified local mandate, citing that a majority of residents voted against the relocation plan in the 1997 local referendum, while candidates who were willing to accept the plan had won the past three mayoral polls. ''It (my victory as the anti-U.S. base candidate) shows this is one single will of local people,'' Inamine started his mandate with a roar of applause from his campaign supporters. The vote turnout was big, 76.96 percent, up 1.98 percentage points from the previous election, quoting the city's election board.

His rival, the incumbent Nago Mayor Yoshikazu Shimabukuro, 63, expressed willingness to accept the existing plan if the government led by Hatoyama's Democratic Party of Japan decides to follow the bilateral accord. Inamine was running as an independent but had support from the DPJ and its coalition partners, the Social Democratic Party and the People's New Party, and the Japanese Communist Party. Inamine also drew support from civic groups opposed to the construction of a new U.S. base, while his opponent, ex Mayor Shimabukuro, was largely backed by construction firms that have benefited from and expect to continue benefiting from state subsidies and related public works projects.

Under the 2006 deal reached with Japan's previous government, which was led by the conservative Liberal Democratic Party, Nago, which has a population of about 60,000, would build a new heliport base along the coast of the U.S. Marine Corps at Camp Schwab located near the splendid Henoko bay.

"Hatoyama reiterated last week that his government would conclude negotiations with the United States by the end of May on where to relocate the Futemma facility. Since taking office last September, the 62-year-old Japanese leader has been evasive on the issue and that has been widely seen as straining Japan-U.S. relations."

What will happen to Futenma relocation? This is now up to Tokyo government to decide, and the calendar is rather ironical as the US Japan security alliance turned fifty last week!

(sources: Japanese dailies, Mainichi, Nikkei, Asahi, Yomiuri, wire services, Ann, Nnn, reporter's notes)

Ozawa: "Home from the Hill"

The Ozawa's Nagatacho world of ideals, media trials, sulfurous news leaked out, and politic tricks.

A world built between fiction and reality because here too politics kill personal beliefs, ideals and desires confronted with the reality of the world. As in a remake of "Home from the Hill", political this one, the dreams and tremendous ambitions of this formidable Japanese politician are found parasitized by the ideals of the surrounding world. Now these dreams become justice matters, from which he cannot escape.

The Hatoyama government political heavyweight Ichiro Ozawa just re-denied to the Prosecutor the allegations that he received an illegal donation. A scandal that has rocked the Hatoyama centre-left government and the party he co-leads, the DPJ. A scandal whose sources and treacheries are everywhere the cameras want them to be.

Again Ozawa refuses to step down. Facing the press in a hotel in Tokyo last night, same hotel where the hearing were organized, here is what Ichiro Ozawa has to say:

VDO

"I want to fulfill my given duties, I have nothing to hide, so I told all the facts that I remember." He added that his former and present secretaries have not received any illicit money from Mizutani Construction Co. or from any other firms. Ozawa lashed out at media critics and reports of illegal donations branding those as "groundless."

My sources in Tokyo say that "the battle between the Public Prosecutors Office and the Shadow Shogun could continue until summer as the Office is loaded with lots of information and they could extend Ozawa's questioning for weeks." The re-assignment of the prosecutor would take until spring and the de facto new office would happen in summer current administrative re assignment for thousands of personnel. The Public Prosecutors Office had long been controlled by the LDP, now in the opposition.

Items watched by the Prosecutor office

Ozawa, the ruling DPJ’s secretary-general, faces allegations on how he obtained 400 million yen used to buy real estate and whether he was aware his campaign finance organization failed to report the transaction, according to the Yomiuri newspaper. Ozawa has repeatedly denied doing anything wrong, saying yesterday the funds were his own, and Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama has backed him up.

Ozawa also denied accepting compensation in cash for awarding a dam contract to Mizutani Construction Co. “I have not received any such improper payments from Mizutani Construction or any other company,” Ozawa said. “My former aides never accepted any improper payments either.” Former executives of Mizutani told prosecutors the firm gave 50 million yen ($550,000) in October 2004 to Tomohiro Ishikawa, when he was one of Ozawa’s private assistants, after winning a dam construction contract, the Yomiuri newspaper reported Jan. 15.


Scandal chronology as set by today's JT

January 1995 — Group called Rikuzankai becomes Ozawa's political fund management organization.

Oct. 29, 2004 — Rikuzankai buys land in Tokyo's Setagaya Ward.

Jan. 7, 2005 — Rikuzankai registers ownership of the land.

April 7, 2006 — Ozawa assumes DPJ presidency.

March 3, 2009 — Takanori Okubo, an incumbent state-paid secretary for Ozawa, is arrested on suspicion of falsely reporting illegal donations received by Rikuzankai from Nishimatsu Construction Co. Prosecutors raid Rikuzankai's office.

March 24 — Okubo is indicted over the case.

May 11 — Ozawa announces his resignation as DPJ leader.

Sept. 15 — Ozawa becomes DPJ secretary general under Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama.

Dec. 18 — Okubo pleads not guilty at the Tokyo District Court.

Dec. 27 — Tokyo prosecutors question Tomohiro Ishikawa, a DPJ lawmaker who was formerly Ozawa's privately hired secretary, on a voluntary basis.

Jan. 5, 2010 — Prosecutors question Okubo on a voluntary basis.

Jan. 12 — Ozawa denies any deliberate wrongdoing at a news conference.

Jan. 13 — Prosecutors question Ishikawa again, search Rikuzankai's office, Ishikawa's office inside a Diet facility and offices of major builder Kajima Corp.

Jan. 15 — Ishikawa and Mitsutomo Ikeda, who succeeded Ishikawa as secretary to Ozawa, are arrested on suspicion of violating the Political Funds Control Law.

Jan. 16 — Okubo is arrested on suspicion of violating the Political Funds Control Law. Ozawa says during a DPJ convention that he will fight prosecutors.

Jan. 19 — Prosecutors search offices of several midsize construction firms.

Jan. 23 — Prosecutors question Ozawa on a voluntary basis.


The comments LDP SPJ

"The long process of unraveling (the scandal) has begun," said Sadakazu Tanigaki, president of the Liberal Democratic Party, the largest opposition force. "This is an issue of trust between the people and politics," he said at a party meeting, reiterating calls for Ozawa to be summoned to a Diet meeting as a witness.

Consumer affairs minister Mizuho Fukushima, who heads the Social Democratic Party, a minor coalition partner of the DPJ, said the developments were "extremely regrettable" and called on Ozawa to explain the matter fully to the public. (with quotes by wire services, JT, reporter's notes)


And... the Okinawa political dilemma

All of this happening just before an important election in Okinawa on Sunday to pick the leader of the city of Nago. Election which may determine PM Yukio Hatoyama's decision on the future of the U.S. Marine Corps' Futemma Air Station in Ginowan, another city in the southernmost Japanese prefecture. The mayor election is being closely watched as Hatoyama said that he wants to see the result before deciding whether to relocate the Futemma facility, which currently sits in a residential area in Ginowan, to Nago, in line with a 2006 Japan-U.S. deal; or to transfer it outside the prefecture as he has advocated.

This is being a major cause of concerns between US Forces, the White House and the new Hatoyama administration and his party, the DPJ, co-led by influential Shadow Shogun Ichiro Ozawa, "Celui par qui le scandale arrive." **

** Translation into French from the American movie "Home from the Hill", the first novel by William Humphrey, published in 1958. It was made into a film in 1960 directed by Vincente Minnelli with Burt Lancaster as main actor.

Hardened times for Foreign Correspondents in Japan

Reaching Japan shores

""Major foreign media outlets are leaving Japan in

droves, a sign of financial difficulties at home as the

news industry struggles with falling advertising

revenue. But observers note that Japan is also losing

its appeal as the most newsworthy country in Asia, with

China now the hot spot.

Extract of the article from the Japan Times, by Mariko

Kato in today's edition, an interview of a colleague of

mine Takashi Uesugi, ex New York Times, today a

successful freelance journalist who even has time

twitting. http://tinyurl.com/ycdwpml

"The financial situation of the companies in their own

countries is a big factor". "But the second reason is

(the decrease in) Japan's national power. Foreign

media are becoming increasingly more interested in

China and setting up offices there, while they withdraw

from Japan." (Takashi Uesugi, a freelance journalist

and expert on journalism said.) The Washington Post

office in Tokyo has only one reporter left and the Los

Angeles Times branch has closed, according to Uesugi.

Numbers reflect the trend. According to the Foreign

Correspondents' Club of Japan, its foreign members

numbered around 250 during the late 1980s and early

1990s when the booming economy provided both

interesting news and an attractive home for overseas

correspondents. The count was more than 300 if

Japanese staff employed by foreign media companies were

included. However, the ranks have since been

decreasing steadily, with only 144 foreign members

registered as of March 2009. "This means that news

about Japan becomes more dependent on news wires. Even

if (those media that have left Japan) hire temporary

staff here, only correspondents are actually eligible

to write stories, which would lead to lack of depth or

analysis," Uesugi said.

For correspondents elsewhere in Asia to visit Japan and

report news, the event would need to be as big as Aum

Shinrikyo's sarin attack on the Tokyo subway system or

the Great Hanshin Earthquake, which both happened in

1995, or last year's Lower House election that led to

the first major change in government since the 1950s,

he added...

Uesugi said the hostile setup has served to encourage

foreign correspondents to move elsewhere in Asia. "The

current government has the desire to communicate more

with the outside world, but it needs to do more,"

Uesugi said. He acknowledged it is already too late to

woo the foreign press back to Japan, except for the

unlikely event that Japan's national power increases or

China's politics becomes too unstable to remain

there..."" End of quotes

Assistance for Foreign media: http://fpcj.jp/

Briefing for foreign press & foreign media event

Foreign Press Center online office

Foreign press club event

✍✍✍ Comments✍✍✍

1 "This article title should have been "US Media (rather

than "foreign" media)" is pulling out of Japan. In

fact, Middle East media is increasing its coverage of

Japan and more reporters are needed (who can speak

Arabic). I also think the environment is better in

Japan than China in terms of freedom of reporting. But

the article is right about the closed doors against the

foreign media by Japanese kisha clubs, but this is not

the reason why the US media is leaving."

Khaldon Azhari

Panorient News, President.

Tokyo

Sarkozy versus Ghosn, public dispute? "Renault C'est Qui?"

Nicolas Sarkozy and Carlos Ghosn

Carlos Ghosn most admired, still, is the target of the Palace.

When Carlos Ghosn was "summoned" at the Élysée palace by France

president Nicolas Sarkozy, I immediately remembered what the

Chief of Renault and Nissan told me about politicians and

advisers.

In my first interview with the Mr Ghosn published in Valmonde

group media "Carlos Ghosn The French Samurai", in July 2001, I

asked Mister Ghosn's views on politician Junichiro Koizumi, the then

flamboyant prime minister of Japan (who ruled 2 mandates with top

level of popularity). Clear enough is what Carlos Ghosn then

stated about how he views his role and the role of politicians.

Quotes:

"... each time he (prime minister Koizumi) intervened in the field

of economy, he mentioned Nissan and he did it in a constructive

and positive manner. I trust his modernizer spirit, but you

know, me, I am an industrialist, bottom line: the intentions

account for 5% of the work, and 95% is in the application of the

project and the demonstration by the facts"...

end of quotes.

Quite a puzzling debate, and seen from a Tokyo perspective it is

interesting to follow how Paris, or the EU rules tend to modify

the way companies are or want to be ruled and how it confronts

administrative policies. Something to ponder when in 10, 20

years, some say later, Asia would build a formula of loose

economical integration.

It did not make Japanese comfortable. Nothing here is made

without the decisions of a dozen of very powerful industrialists,

and without accepting the effects, Sarkozy or his staff

undermined Carlos Ghosn work in Tokyo, where-else...?

Media comments, also quite impressive was the title of the Wall

Street Op-Ed:

"Renault, C'est Moi" For French President Sarkozy the subversion

of EU free market rules is French business as usual.

Quotes.

Carlos Ghosn might be one of the world's most admired CEOs, but

last weekend Nicolas Sarkozy summoned the Nissan-Renault

executive to the Elysée Palace to show him who's the real boss.

The reason for the French President's ire? Renault plans to move

a production site overseas just when Mr. Sarkozy is facing

regional elections. France still holds 15% of Renault and lent

the company €3 billion during last year's financial crisis. And

so when news broke that the car maker might produce its next Clio

model in Turkey, Nicolas Sarkozy saw his chance to play patriot

games. "We are not giving all that money to support the auto

sector so that all our factories can leave," Mr. Sarkozy told

lawmakers last week. "I strongly contest the idea that these big

companies, just because they are global, no longer have a

nationality."

Mr. Ghosn got the message. "Renault is a French company, a

socially responsible citizen," he said after the meeting at the

palace. He promised that some of the production of the

subcompact car will stay in France, which corresponds with the

government's dictates. "When a French car is destined for the

French market, it has to be made in France," Industry Minister

Christian Estrosi told parliament last week. This nonchalant

subversion of the European Union's free market principles and

state-aid rules has so far triggered only a muted response from

the European Commission. With even Britain now exhibiting a

weakness for French-style mercantilism (see Peter Mandelson's

meddling in the Cadbury takeover battle) it's probably not

surprising that Mr. Sarkozy has returned to French business as

usual. French consumers, and Renault itself, will be the ones

who ultimately pay the price.

and In the Irish Times:

"... The French government on Sunday tried to save face vis a

vis Carlos Ghosn in its dispute with Renault, insisting it had

secured a promise from the car maker that units of its future

Clio small car destined for the domestic market would be made in

France. Ministers have leant heavily on Renault since it emerged

earlier this week that it was considering centring production of

the Clio 4, to be launched in 2013, at its lower-cost factory in

Bursa, Turkey, rather than in France. Paris had insisted that a

majority of Clio 4s were assembled in France, either at Renault’s

Flins site, near Paris, or at another factory. President Nicolas

Sarkozy raised the pressure by summoning Carlos Ghosn, Renault

chief executive, to the Élysée Palace on Saturday. But Sarkozy

received only a pledge that part of future Clio production would

be in France. Claude Guéant, Sarkozy’s chief of staff, insisted

on Sunday that the government – which has a 15 per cent stake in

the company – had got everything it asked for."

End of quotes

Dominique Strauss-Kahn at FCCJ Tokyo: "Candidate for 2012 French presidential election? Hypothetical..."

But DSK does not deny or confirm...

DSK was our guest at the press club January 18th for his IMF visit to Tokyo and Hong Kong, he was in China 3 months ago.

✍ His stature as an international figure rises as the world globally is trying to handle the Great Recession of 2009, he creates quite a crowd in the FCCJ on Monday. 100 persons half of them journalists. Right after his address about "Asia and the Post-Crisis Global Economy" and prior to the Q&A, and as our Guest Speaker is well known to be a possible candidate for France 2012 Presidential Election, I ask him, privilege of the moderator, about his future and about the international and France political agenda:

-"It's been one year since president Obama is at the White House, what are the qualities required to lead a nation? Do you have, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the ambition to lead France one day"?

DSK: " Well... it's been one year that president Obama has been elected and I think what has been done this year by the US administration has tremendous importance. Now, you want to ask me a question about French politics which you know before I would not answer... So you are not surprised that I won't... -smiles from DSK-. Well, I am now dealing with global economic problems as the Head of the IMF. What may happen in the future is a question for the future. And you know how American' politicians say, they don't answer hypothetical questions, so, that's what I learned during this year in the United States." -smiles from DSK and praise from the audience-

According to the last Ipsos barometer for the Point to appear on Thursday January 21, Dominique Strauss-Kahn is the preferred political official of the French. It precedes Bernard Kouchner, and Rama Yade. Martine Aubry does not take off. 2012 French presidential election, the leader of the current French opposition Martine Aubry stated a few hours before in Paris (RTL) that she and DSK would be able to lead the nation prior to the primary to be launched within the opposition.

✌ Definition of hypothetical: 1) Supposed but not necessarily real or true. 2) Logic denoting or containing a proposition of the logical form. DSK's answer captivated FCCJ's audience.

Other main themes and quotes we had during the event:

Quotes: Dominique Strauss-Kahn said China and other developing Asian economies are leading a global recovery that is faster and stronger than expected, but warned that money rushing into emerging markets could lead to asset bubbles. He strongly suggested that the IMF would raise its 2010 global growth forecast from the 3.1 per cent it projected in October. China, India and other emerging Asian economies were close to returning to their pre-crisis growth rates, while rebounds in the U.S., Japan and other advanced economies remained "sluggish."

"The political will was strong 8 months ago (G20) still strong ago 6 months (Pittsburgh) ago but there is a risk the consensus built at climax, could vanish as recovery comes." While the IMF doesn't forecast a "double-dip," or second recession, risks remain, he said. "We have to very cautious because this recovery remains very fragile." While hundreds of billions in stimulus spending by governments around the world avoided another Great Depression, DSK said, the most important risk facing the global economy is deciding how and when to reverse those polices and deal with resulting debt burdens. "Now we have to fix the consequences of the policy that has been put in place to fight against the crisis," he said. "Finding the right time to implement exit policies is really a difficult one." "If you exit too late, you waste resources," he said. "If you exit too early, you have a risk of going back into recession."

The IMF recommends that governments devise policies that will support the labour market given still-high joblessness, which could lead to social unrest in some countries. A key lesson from the global financial crisis is that authorities need to beef up supervision - more so than regulations - of financial institutions, DSK said.

Jlk moderator, with Dominique Strauss-Kahn, presidential candidate? Favored in the French surveys (picture shima press tokyo)

FCCJ audience, Tokyo January 18, 2010